IoT operates at a lower level, interacting directly with the hardware components. In this way, it commands the device how to function, connect, and perform.
IoT firmware usually is comprised of the following components:
Microcontroller unit (MCU) software is the central part of the IoT firmware. Its purpose is to run basic requirements for the device's functionality. It includes a real-time operating system (RTOS) and IoT device drivers to interact with hardware constituents.
Network Stack tackles the communication protocols such as TCP/IP, MQTT, CoAP, or HTTP, enabling the device to connect over the internet or local networks.
Security modules secure data and communication. They comprise encryption libraries, secure bootloaders, and authentication aspects.
Update mechanisms are the over-the-air capabilities within IoT firmware which enable remote or OTA updates and patches to be implemented without physical intervention. Application logic involves IoT functionalities like sensor data processing, control algorithms, and user interface handling.
Diagnostic tools help to monitor device health, troubleshoot, and log events to ensure correct operation and maintenance.
The way IoT firmware function lies in the following basic steps:
When an IoT device is powered on, the firmware first initializes the hardware components, sets the necessary services and checks for any first errors.
After that, firmware loads configuration settings, such as network credentials, or operational parameters.
The firmware constantly gathers data from IoT sensors, processes it via filtering, aggregating, and converting it into a more suitable format transfer and analysis.
Afterwards, the data is transferred to other devices and central servers via the built-in communication protocols. The firmware manages the data packetization, error check, and retransmission to ensure data integrity.
The IoT firmware can trigger actions such as turning on/off a light or sending alerts.
The firmware also monitors the device's performance. It can log events, detect anomalies, and perform diagnostics to identify potential issues before they lead to failure.
Mender is a popular platform for managing and updating IoT firmware. It enables secure deployment of new firmware versions to the connected devices over the air (OTA). This eliminates the need for physical assistance and ensures IoT devices work based on the most recent and safe software. Some of such updates include bug fixes, new features implementation, introducing better access control and encryption mechanisms. Beyond Mender, there are some other leading providers:
Amazon Web Services (AWS) IoT Core
Microsoft Azure Update Rings
Sierra Wireless Device Management Platform
NXP MCUXpresso Software
Visit the 1NCE Shop and start connecting your IoT devices easily. Simply order your SIM cards, choose the desired type of SIM card and fill out all required forms. After the payment has been approved you get your cards within two to three business days.
